11/9/2023 0 Comments Peppermint oil target![]() Depending on its purity, menthol has a melting point of 41–44☌ and it is solid at room temperature (25☌) with a density of 0.890 g/cm 3. Menthol is a colorless or white, crystalline, and flaky substance. (−)-Menthol is frequently employed since it retains better cooling properties than the other isomers (Figure 1). The major form of menthol found in nature is (−)-menthol (L-menthol). ![]() 156.27), is a natural compound with three asymmetric carbon atoms and, thus, occurs as four pairs of optical isomers namely, (+)- and (−)-menthol, (+)- and (−)-neomenthol, (+)- and (−)-neoisomenthol, and (+)- and (−)-isomenthol (Figure 1). Menthol, with the molecular formula C10H20O (MW. The focus of this report is to highlight the recent advances in the menthol research and to provide an overview of its actions on cellular excitability. Despite menthol's use since antiquity, the mechanisms mediating its pharmacological actions remain relatively unknown. The estimated use pattern for L-menthol at the beginning of twenty-first century is as follows: 36% oral care products, 22% pharmacy products, 19% tobacco products, 17% flavors, 6% others ( OECD, 2003). It is also a commonly used compound in many tobacco products. After citrus and vanilla, menthol is one of the most important flavoring substances in culinary industry. It is estimated that ~30,000 metric tons of menthol are consumed annually ( Kamatou et al., 2013). In addition, it is commonly used as part of analgesic, antiseptic, topical antipruritic, and cooling formulations. With regards to its medicinal purposes, both prescribed and over-the-counter menthol containing medications are currently available for a host of conditions, including respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, common cold, and musculoskeletal pain ( Eccles, 1994 Patel et al., 2007). In the present day, menthol is widely used in oral hygiene products, confectionary, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, pesticides, and as a flavoring agent. Menthol is also an important constituent of essential oils such as eucalyptus, lemongrass, and palmarosa. In Japan for more than 2,000 years, peppermint plant, the main source of menthol, has been cultivated for medicinal purposes ( Patel et al., 2007). Menthol, a naturally occurring cyclic monoterpene alcohol of plant origin, gives plants of the Mentha species their distinctive smell and flavor. In this article, we examine the results of earlier studies on the actions of menthol with voltage and ligand-gated ion channels. There has been new evidence demonstrating that menthol can significantly influence the functional characteristics of a number of different kinds of ligand and voltage-gated ion channels, indicating that at least some of the biological and pharmacological effects of menthol can be mediated by alterations in cellular excitability. TRP channels have been demonstrated to mediate the cooling actions of menthol. Recently, there has been renewed awareness in comprehending the biological and pharmacological effects of menthol. In addition, menthol is known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. Menthol is widely used in pharmaceuticals, confectionary, oral hygiene products, pesticides, cosmetics, and as a flavoring agent. ![]() Menthol belongs to monoterpene class of a structurally diverse group of phytochemicals found in plant-derived essential oils.
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